HOW HEROD BECAME KING OF PALESTINE

John Hyrcanus I (135 to 104 BC)

-Truce between Syria and Israel

-Hellenist party in Israel discredited and become the Sadducees

-Hasidim party became the Pharisees

-John Hyrcanus I captured Idumaea and forced them to become Jews

-Insult to his mother by Pharisee causes him to be Sadducee

Aristobulus I (Judah) -reined one year

-Killed his two brothers to get power

-Called himself, “king”

Alexander Jannaeus (Jonathan -Surviving brother of Aristobulus)

-Rebellion of Pharisees when he pours out holy water at his feet

-Syrians forced him to flee after he killed hundreds

-Thousands desert the Syrians and Jannaeus is restored

-800 Pharisees crucified by Jannaeus at banquet for Sadducees

Alexandra (former wife of both Aristobulus and Alexander Jannaeus

-Her brother, Simeon ben Shetah was leader of Pharisees

-Pharisees gained power and avenged against Sadducees

Two sons of Alexandria

Hyrcanus II (High Priest) (Son of Alexandra) -Became King when mother died -Surrendered everything to Aristobulus -Fled to Idumea to Antipater

Aristobulus II (Military) (Son of Alexandra) -Supported by Sadducees -Besieged his brother -Became king and High Priest -Son, Alexander, married Hyrcanus’ only daughter

-Antipater, the Idumean, helps by besieging Aristobulus II in Jerusalem

-Pompey, the Roman, helps Hyrcanus II by conquering Jerusalem

-Hyrcanus II restored as High Priest and became Ethnarch of Judea

-Antipater becomes king of Judea on death of Hyrcanus II

-Death of Julius Caesar.

-Anthony defeated Brutus.

-Antigonus III, son of Aristobulus II made king and high priest by the Parthians in 41 B.C.

Herod, son of Antipator fled to Rome and was made “King of the Jews”

-Parthians driven out and Antigonus removed.

-Herod married Mariamne, a Hasmonean descendent

-Herod made Hananiel, of Babylon, High Priest.

-Alexandra, mother of Mariamne, through Cleopatra of Egypt, got Anthony to influence Herod to remove Hananiel of Babylon and make Aristobulus, grandson of Hyrcanus II, High Priest.

-Herod had Aristobulus drowned.

-Anthony called Herod to account.

-Herod talked his way out of being executed