HISTORY
OF ROME
|
LATIUM ROMAN FORBEARS (Several
centuries before Rome's official founding.
May have come from Troy) |
|
DATE |
|
|
BC
753 |
Romulas, legendary founder of Rome. |
|
BC
714 |
Numa
Pompilius. First religious lawgiver.
(mythical) |
|
BC
721 ASSYRIANS |
|
|
BC
672 |
Tullus
Hostilius, the
Conqueror of Alba Longa of the Latin League. Killed by lightening. |
|
BC
640 |
Ancus
Martius, the second
religious lawgiver. Conquered
more Latin towns, which became plebians of the king. Bridged the Tiber. Territory extended to the sea on the west. |
|
BC
616 |
Lucius
Tarquinius Priscus
(Tarquin the Elder), The Builder.
Assassinated by Ancus Martius. Forum and the Circus Maximus erected. |
|
606
BABYLONIANS |
|
|
BC
578 |
Servius
Tullius. The Civil Lawgiver. Etruscan
general. Son-in-law to Tarquin
Elder. Established the Comitia
Centuriata. enclosed the Seven
Hills. Assassinated by Tarquin the
Proud. |
|
BC
538 PERSIANS |
|
|
BC
534 |
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the
Proud)--The Tyrant, Forced to
abdicate the throne after his son, Sextus caused Lucretia to commit suicide. |
|
|
|
|
|
REPUBLICAN ROME (BC 508 TO BC
27) |
|
|
CONSULS
(Two equal
magistrates ruling) |
|
BC 508 Lucius Junius Brutus--The
Elder, a Plebian. Killed in
battle by Aruns, son of Tarquin the Proud. |
Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, a Patrician |
|
|
Period of war with the Etruscans who
were trying to reinstate Tarquin the Proud. |
|
|
DICTATORS (Chosen by
the Senate with absolute power when there was a state of emergency). |
|
BC 494. |
TRIBUNES OF THE PLEBS Gained by
Plebeians seceding to Mons Sacer (Sacred Mount). Treaty made
with the Patricians. |
|
BC 452. |
DECEMVIRS (Ten
commissioners to revise the constitution) |
|
BC 449 |
CONSULAR TRIBUNES, Accomplished
by second plebeian revolt to Mons Sacer.
Caused by
Patrician, Appius Claudius, attempting to make Virginia a slave. |
|
BC 390 |
MILITARY TRIBUNES Resulted from third revolt of Plebs to Hill
of Janiculum. |
|
BC 390 |
Rome burned by the Gauls |
|
BC 343 |
First Samnite War for conquest of
Italy. (Samnites were a Sabine race) |
|
BC 339 |
Great Latin War |
|
BC 336-324 |
Alexander the Great of Greece |
|
BC 333 |
GREEKS Jerusalem 333 |
|
BC 326-304 |
Second Samnite War. |
|
BC 310-306 |
Appius encourages building the Appian
Way and aqueducts. |
|
BC 298-290 |
Third Samnite War. |
|
BC 286 |
Plebeians again secede to Mount
Janiculum |
|
BC 283-264 |
War with Tarentum |
|
BC 264-133 |
PUNIC WARS
between Rome and Carthage |
|
BC 263-241 |
First Punic War. Rome invades Sicily.
Fleets built to attack Carthage in
North Africa. |
|
BC 225-222 |
Conquest of Cisalpine Gaul. |
|
BC 218-201 |
Second Punic War. Hannibal crosses the Alps from Gaul to
invade Italy |
|
BC 214-205 |
First war with Philip V of Macedon |
|
BC 200-196 |
Second war with Philip V of Macedon |
|
BC 191-190 |
War with Antichus The Great of Syria. |
|
BC 171-168 |
War with Perseus of Macedon. Decisive battle of Pydna ended Macedonian
Kingdom |
|
BC 149-146 |
Third Punic War. Carthage totally destroyed. |
|
133-27 |
CIVIL WARS AND FALL OF THE REPUBLIC |
|
BC 134- |
First Servile War. Revolt of slaves in Sicily. |
|
BC 121- |
Death of Caius Sempronius Graccus. End of people's freedom. Aristocratic total control. |
|
BC 111- |
Jugurthine War. |
|
BC 107-101 |
Invading Teutones and Cimbri destroyed. |
|
BC 102-99 |
Second Servile War in Sicily. |
|
BC 90-88 |
The Social War. (Revolt of the
Italians) |
|
BC 88- |
First Mithridatic War. |
|
BC 74-63 |
Second Mithridatic War. |
|
|
John Hyracanus II placed on the throne. |
|
BC 63 |
Julius
Caesar becomes
Pontifix Maximus (Religious Superintendent) |
|
BC 63 |
Pompeii conquers Jerusalem. |
|
BC 59 |
First Triumvirate (Caesar, Pompeii and
Crassus). |
|
BC 48 |
Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon to
invade Italy from Gaul. Defeats
Pompeii. Caesar defeats Ptolemy XIII of Egypt
and places Cleopatra, his mistress, on throne. |
|
BC 45 |
Caesar made dictator for life by the
Senate with title of Imperator. |
|
BC 44 |
Caesar assassinated by Brutus and his band. |
|
BC 43 |
Second Triumvirate. (Octavius Caesar, Antony and Lepidus. Cleopatra seduces Mark
Antony. |
|
BC 36 |
Pompeii and Lepidus defeated by
Octavius |
|
BC 31 |
Battle of Actium. Antony and Cleopatra
defeated. They commit suicide (BC
30). |
|
BC 27-14 AD |
IMPERIAL ROME |
|
BC 27 |
Octavius conferred title of Augustus (the
Divine) and Imperator (Emperor) by
Senate. |
|
AD 14-37 |
Tiberius: Step-son of Augustus. Reign of terror instituted. Smothered with bed-clothes |
|
AD 37-41 |
Caligula or Caius Caesar: Tyrant. Incest with Drusilla. Seemed totally mad. Assassinated. |
|
AD 41-54 |
Claudius:
Half-witted. Elevated by the
Praetorian Guard. Poisoned by
Agrippina, mother of Nero. |
|
AD 43 |
Britain invaded |
|
AD 54-68 |
Nero: Burned Rome. Murdered his mother, two wives and son of
his step-father, Cladius. (lst
Persecution) |
|
AD 68-69 |
Galba: Overthrown by Otho and the Praetorian
Guards and killed. |
|
AD 69 |
Otho: Committed suicide after defeat by
Vitellius. |
|
AD 69 |
Vitellius: Glutton. Troops rebelled. Killed and cast into the Tiber. |
|
AD 69-79 |
Vespasian: Troops made him emperor while
fighting the Jews. Died of an
illness. |
|
AD 79-81 |
Titus: (son) General who destroyed
Jerusalem. Died of fever. |
|
AD 79 |
Mt. Vesuvius destroyed Pompeii and
Herculaneum. |
|
AD 81-96 |
Domitian: (brother) The “fly-killer.” Jealous
of general Julius Agricola.
Assassinated by wife. Last
of 12 Caesars. (2nd
Persecution) |
ROME TRIUMPHANT
(Most prosperous and peaceful period)
|
AD 96- 98 |
Nerva: Old man. Adopted Trajan. First of the
Five Good Emperors. Died of a fever. |
|
AD 98-117 |
Trajan: Highest point in the empire. Died in
Cilicia. From Crete. Adopted Hadrian. 3rd persecution. |
|
AD 117-138 |
Hadrian: Barcocheban Jewish revolt quashed
(131-135). Died slowly of disease. 4th persecution of Christians. |
|
AD 138-161 |
Antoninus
Pius: First Emperor to
protect Christians. Most peaceful and prosperous time in Roman History. |
|
AD 161-180 |
Marcus
Aurelius Antoninus:
Philosopher. 5th persecution of Christians. |
DECLINE OF PAGAN CONTROL. CIVIL UPHEAVAL
BLOODSHED
|
AD 180-193 |
Commodus: 19 years old. Murdered by concubine
in drunken sleep. Noted for his strength. |
|
AD 192 |
Pertinax: Killed by Praetorian Guard. Good man. |
|
AD 193 |
Julianus: Bought the throne at auction. |
|
AD 193 |
Septimus
Severus: Marched on
Rome & took power. Son, Caracalla attempted assassination. Suicide overeating. |
|
|
FAMINE & WANT |
|
AD 211-217 |
Caracalla and Geta: Brothers. Geta murdered by Caracalla in mothers arms.
Caracalla went mad. Assassinated. |
|
AD 217 |
Macrinus: Coward. Had Caracalla killed. Was
killed in rebellion by troops. |
|
AD 218-222 |
Haliogabalus (Bassianus): Syrian. Age 14.
High-priest. Extravagant. Killed by soldiers. |
|
AD 222-235 |
Alexander
Severus: Good ruler.
Protected Christians. Killed by his soldiers |
|
AD 235-238 |
Maximin: 8 ˝ feet tall. Fantastic strength.
Killed by his soldiers. 6th persecution |
|
AD 238 |
The
two Gordians (father
and son): Killed by supporter of Maximin |
|
AD 238 |
Pupeinus and Balbinus: Assassinated by the Praetorian Guards. |
|
AD 238-244 |
Gordian
III: Age 12. Dominated
by Timesitheus, the Praetorian Perfect. Poisoned by Philip. |
|
AD 244-249 |
Philip the Arabian: Killed Gordian. Defeated
by Decius and killed. |
|
AD 249-251 |
Decius: Reluctant Emperor. Died in marsh
surrounded by Goths. 7th general persecution. |
|
AD 251-253 |
Gallus: with Decius (son) and Hostilianus as
colleagues. Killed by troops. 8th persecution. Plague. |
|
AD 253 |
Aemilianus: Slain in battle by Valerian. |
|
AD 253-260 |
Valerian: Old man. Franks, Goths and New
Persians pressed in. Captured by Persians and flayed after seven years by
Sapor and skin put up on wall of Persian temple. 9th persecution. |
|
AD 260-268 |
Gallienus: Invasions of the empire. (Son) Time of the Thirty Tyrants. Killed by his
soldiers. |
|
AD 268-270 |
Claudius
II: Drove back the
barbarians. Died in the plague. |
|
AD 270 |
Quintillius: (Brother) Killed by army after 17
days. |
|
AD 270-275 |
Aurelian: Routed the barbarians and restored
the empire. New wall around Rome. Assassinated. |
|
AD 275-276 |
Marcus
Claudius Tacitus: Age
75. Died in Cappadocia after 7 months. |
|
AD 276 |
Florian: (brother). Killed by his soldiers
after 3 months. |
|
AD 276-282 |
Probus: Drained the marshes. Assassinated by
soldiers. Drove back the barbarians. |
|
AD 282-283 |
Carus: Two sons with him in rule. Died or
disease or struck by lightening in New Persian campaign. |
|
AD 283-284 |
Numerian and Carinus: (sons) slain separately. |
Power transferred from military to Imperial, divided between Augusti. 10th persecution
|
284
Diocletian (Title: Augustus) in the East |
|
285
Maximian (Title: Augustus) in the West |
|
287 Cerousius (Title: Augustus) |
|
|
(continued) |
292 Constantius (Title: Caesar) |
(continued) |
292 Galerius (Title:Caesar) |
293 assassinated |
|
|
305 resigned |